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stp_utrace.h

#ifndef _STP_UTRACE_H
#define _STP_UTRACE_H

#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/kref.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/binfmts.h>

/*
 * Event bits passed to utrace_set_events().
 * These appear in &struct task_struct.@utrace_flags
 * and &struct utrace_engine.@flags.
 */
enum utrace_events {
	_UTRACE_EVENT_QUIESCE,	/* Thread is available for examination.  */
	_UTRACE_EVENT_REAP,  	/* Zombie reaped, no more tracing possible.  */
	_UTRACE_EVENT_CLONE,	/* Successful clone/fork/vfork just done.  */
	_UTRACE_EVENT_EXEC,	/* Successful execve just completed.  */
	_UTRACE_EVENT_DEATH,	/* Thread has died.  */
	_UTRACE_EVENT_SYSCALL_ENTRY, /* User entered kernel for system call. */
	_UTRACE_EVENT_SYSCALL_EXIT, /* Returning to user after system call.  */
	_UTRACE_NEVENTS
};
#define UTRACE_EVENT(type)	(1UL << _UTRACE_EVENT_##type)

/*
 * Both kinds of syscall events; these call the @report_syscall_entry()
 * and @report_syscall_exit() callbacks, respectively.
 */
#define UTRACE_EVENT_SYSCALL	\
	(UTRACE_EVENT(SYSCALL_ENTRY) | UTRACE_EVENT(SYSCALL_EXIT))

/*
 * The event reports triggered synchronously by task death.
 */
#define _UTRACE_DEATH_EVENTS (UTRACE_EVENT(DEATH) | UTRACE_EVENT(QUIESCE))

/*
 * Flags for utrace_attach_task().
 */
#define UTRACE_ATTACH_MATCH_OPS		0x0001 /* Match engines on ops.  */
#define UTRACE_ATTACH_MATCH_DATA	0x0002 /* Match engines on data.  */
#define UTRACE_ATTACH_MATCH_MASK	0x000f
#define UTRACE_ATTACH_CREATE		0x0010 /* Attach a new engine.  */
#define UTRACE_ATTACH_EXCLUSIVE		0x0020 /* Refuse if existing match.  */

/**
 * struct utrace_engine - per-engine structure
 * @ops:	&struct utrace_engine_ops pointer passed to utrace_attach_task()
 * @data:	engine-private &void * passed to utrace_attach_task()
 * @flags:	event mask set by utrace_set_events() plus internal flag bits
 *
 * The task itself never has to worry about engines detaching while
 * it's doing event callbacks.  These structures are removed from the
 * task's active list only when it's stopped, or by the task itself.
 *
 * utrace_engine_get() and utrace_engine_put() maintain a reference count.
 * When it drops to zero, the structure is freed.  One reference is held
 * implicitly while the engine is attached to its task.
 */
struct utrace_engine {
/* private: */
	struct kref kref;
	void (*release)(void *);
	struct list_head entry;

/* public: */
	const struct utrace_engine_ops *ops;
	void *data;

unsigned long flags;
};

static int utrace_init(void);
static int utrace_exit(void);
static void utrace_shutdown(void);

/**
 * utrace_engine_get - acquire a reference on a &struct utrace_engine
 * @engine:	&struct utrace_engine pointer
 *
 * You must hold a reference on @engine, and you get another.
 */
static inline void utrace_engine_get(struct utrace_engine *engine)
{
	kref_get(&engine->kref);
}

static void __utrace_engine_release(struct kref *);

/**
 * utrace_engine_put - release a reference on a &struct utrace_engine
 * @engine:	&struct utrace_engine pointer
 *
 * You must hold a reference on @engine, and you lose that reference.
 * If it was the last one, @engine becomes an invalid pointer.
 */
static inline void utrace_engine_put(struct utrace_engine *engine)
{
	kref_put(&engine->kref, __utrace_engine_release);
}

/**
 * struct utrace_engine_ops - tracing engine callbacks
 *
 * Each @report_*() callback corresponds to an %UTRACE_EVENT(*) bit.
 * utrace_set_events() calls on @engine choose which callbacks will
 * be made to @engine from @task.
 *
 * Most callbacks take an @action argument, giving the resume action
 * chosen by other tracing engines.  All callbacks take an @engine
 * argument.  The @report_reap callback takes a @task argument that
 * might or might not be @current.  All other @report_* callbacks
 * report an event in the @current task.
 *
 * For some calls, @action also includes bits specific to that event
 * and utrace_resume_action() is used to extract the resume action.
 * This shows what would happen if @engine wasn't there, or will if
 * the callback's return value uses %UTRACE_RESUME.  This always
 * starts as %UTRACE_RESUME when no other tracing is being done on
 * this task.
 *
 * All return values contain &enum utrace_resume_action bits.  For
 * some calls, other bits specific to that kind of event are added to
 * the resume action bits with OR.  These are the same bits used in
 * the @action argument.  The resume action returned by a callback
 * does not override previous engines' choices, it only says what
 * @engine wants done.  What @current actually does is the action that's
 * most constrained among the choices made by all attached engines.
 * See utrace_control() for more information on the actions.
 *
 * When %UTRACE_STOP is used in @report_syscall_entry, then @current
 * stops before attempting the system call.  In this case, another
 * @report_syscall_entry callback will follow after @current resumes
 * if %UTRACE_REPORT or %UTRACE_INTERRUPT was returned by some
 * callback or passed to utrace_control().  In a second or later
 * callback, %UTRACE_SYSCALL_RESUMED is set in the @action argument to
 * indicate a repeat callback still waiting to attempt the same system
 * call invocation.  This repeat callback gives each engine an
 * opportunity to reexamine registers another engine might have
 * changed while @current was held in %UTRACE_STOP.
 *
 * In other cases, the resume action does not take effect until @current
 * is ready to check for signals and return to user mode.  If there
 * are more callbacks to be made, the last round of calls determines
 * the final action.  A @report_quiesce callback with @event zero
 * will always be the last one made before
 * @current resumes.  Only %UTRACE_STOP is "sticky"--if @engine returned
 * %UTRACE_STOP then @current stays stopped unless @engine returns
 * different from a following callback.
 *
 * The report_death() and report_reap() callbacks do not take @action
 * arguments, and only %UTRACE_DETACH is meaningful in the return value
 * from a report_death() callback.  None of the resume actions applies
 * to a dead thread.
 *
 * All @report_*() hooks are called with no locks held, in a generally
 * safe environment when we will be returning to user mode soon (or just
 * entered the kernel).  It is fine to block for memory allocation and
 * the like, but all hooks are asynchronous and must not block on
 * external events!  If you want the thread to block, use %UTRACE_STOP
 * in your hook's return value; then later wake it up with utrace_control().
 *
 * @report_quiesce:
 *	Requested by %UTRACE_EVENT(%QUIESCE).
 *	This does not indicate any event, but just that @current is in a
 *	safe place for examination.  This call is made before each specific
 *	event callback, except for @report_reap.  The @event argument gives
 *	the %UTRACE_EVENT(@which) value for the event occurring.  This
 *	callback might be made for events @engine has not requested, if
 *	some other engine is tracing the event; calling utrace_set_events()
 *	call here can request the immediate callback for this occurrence of
 *	@event.  @event is zero when there is no other event, @current is
 *	now ready to check for signals and return to user mode, and some
 *	engine has used %UTRACE_REPORT or %UTRACE_INTERRUPT to request
 *	this callback.
 *
 * @report_clone:
 *	Requested by %UTRACE_EVENT(%CLONE).
 *	Event reported for parent, before the new task @child might run.
 *	@clone_flags gives the flags used in the clone system call, or
 *	equivalent flags for a fork() or vfork() system call.  This
 *	function can use utrace_attach_task() on @child.  Then passing
 *	%UTRACE_STOP to utrace_control() on @child here keeps the child
 *	stopped before it ever runs in user mode, %UTRACE_REPORT or
 *	%UTRACE_INTERRUPT ensures a callback from @child before it
 *	starts in user mode.
 *
 * @report_exec:
 *	Requested by %UTRACE_EVENT(%EXEC).
 *	An execve system call has succeeded and the new program is about to
 *	start running.  The initial user register state is handy to be tweaked
 *	directly in @regs.  @fmt and @bprm gives the details of this exec.
 *
 * @report_syscall_entry:
 *	Requested by %UTRACE_EVENT(%SYSCALL_ENTRY).
 *	Thread has entered the kernel to request a system call.
 *	The user register state is handy to be tweaked directly in @regs.
 *	The @action argument contains an &enum utrace_syscall_action,
 *	use utrace_syscall_action() to extract it.  The return value
 *	overrides the last engine's action for the system call.
 *	If the final action is %UTRACE_SYSCALL_ABORT, no system call
 *	is made.  The details of the system call being attempted can
 *	be fetched here with syscall_get_nr() and syscall_get_arguments().
 *	The parameter registers can be changed with syscall_set_arguments().
 *	See above about the %UTRACE_SYSCALL_RESUMED flag in @action.
 *	Use %UTRACE_REPORT in the return value to guarantee you get
 *	another callback (with %UTRACE_SYSCALL_RESUMED flag) in case
 *	@current stops with %UTRACE_STOP before attempting the system call.
 *
 * @report_syscall_exit:
 *	Requested by %UTRACE_EVENT(%SYSCALL_EXIT).
 *	Thread is about to leave the kernel after a system call request.
 *	The user register state is handy to be tweaked directly in @regs.
 *	The results of the system call attempt can be examined here using
 *	syscall_get_error() and syscall_get_return_value().  It is safe
 *	here to call syscall_set_return_value() or syscall_rollback().
 *
 * @report_death:
 *	Requested by %UTRACE_EVENT(%DEATH).
 *	Thread is really dead now.  It might be reaped by its parent at
 *	any time, or self-reap immediately.  Though the actual reaping
 *	may happen in parallel, a report_reap() callback will always be
 *	ordered after a report_death() callback.
 *
 * @report_reap:
 *	Requested by %UTRACE_EVENT(%REAP).
 *	Called when someone reaps the dead task (parent, init, or self).
 *	This means the parent called wait, or else this was a detached
 *	thread or a process whose parent ignores SIGCHLD.
 *	No more callbacks are made after this one.
 *	The engine is always detached.
 *	There is nothing more a tracing engine can do about this thread.
 *	After this callback, the @engine pointer will become invalid.
 *	The @task pointer may become invalid if get_task_struct() hasn't
 *	been used to keep it alive.
 *	An engine should always request this callback if it stores the
 *	@engine pointer or stores any pointer in @engine->data, so it
 *	can clean up its data structures.
 *	Unlike other callbacks, this can be called from the parent's context
 *	rather than from the traced thread itself--it must not delay the
 *	parent by blocking.
 *
 * @release:
 *	If not %NULL, this is called after the last utrace_engine_put()
 *	call for a &struct utrace_engine, which could be implicit after
 *	a %UTRACE_DETACH return from another callback.  Its argument is
 *	the engine's @data member.
 */
struct utrace_engine_ops {
	u32 (*report_quiesce)(u32 action, struct utrace_engine *engine,
			      unsigned long event);
	u32 (*report_clone)(u32 action, struct utrace_engine *engine,
			    unsigned long clone_flags,
			    struct task_struct *child);
	u32 (*report_exec)(u32 action, struct utrace_engine *engine,
			   const struct linux_binfmt *fmt,
			   const struct linux_binprm *bprm,
			   struct pt_regs *regs);
	u32 (*report_syscall_entry)(u32 action, struct utrace_engine *engine,
				    struct pt_regs *regs);
	u32 (*report_syscall_exit)(u32 action, struct utrace_engine *engine,
				   struct pt_regs *regs);
	u32 (*report_death)(struct utrace_engine *engine,
			    bool group_dead, int signal);
	void (*report_reap)(struct utrace_engine *engine,
			    struct task_struct *task);
	void (*release)(void *data);
};

/*
 * These are the exported entry points for tracing engines to use.
 * See stp_utrace.c for their kerneldoc comments with interface details.
 */
static struct utrace_engine *utrace_attach_task(struct task_struct *, int,
						const struct utrace_engine_ops *,
						void *);
static int __must_check utrace_set_events(struct task_struct *,
					  struct utrace_engine *,
					  unsigned long eventmask);
static int __must_check utrace_barrier(struct task_struct *,
				       struct utrace_engine *);

/*
 * Version number of the API defined in this file.  This will change
 * whenever a tracing engine's code would need some updates to keep
 * working.  We maintain this here for the benefit of tracing engine code
 * that is developed concurrently with utrace API improvements before they
 * are merged into the kernel, making LINUX_VERSION_CODE checks unwieldy.
 */
#define UTRACE_API_VERSION	20110727

/**
 * enum utrace_resume_action - engine's choice of action for a traced task
 * @UTRACE_STOP:		Stay quiescent after callbacks.
 * @UTRACE_INTERRUPT:		Make quiesce callback soon.
 * @UTRACE_REPORT:		Make some callback soon.
 * @UTRACE_RESUME:		Resume normally in user mode.
 * @UTRACE_DETACH:		Detach my engine (implies %UTRACE_RESUME).
 *
 * See utrace_control() for detailed descriptions of each action.  This is
 * encoded in the @action argument and the return value for every callback
 * with a &u32 return value.
 *
 * The order of these is important.  When there is more than one engine,
 * each supplies its choice and the smallest value prevails.
 */
enum utrace_resume_action {
	UTRACE_STOP,
	UTRACE_INTERRUPT,
	UTRACE_REPORT,
	UTRACE_RESUME,
	UTRACE_DETACH,
	UTRACE_RESUME_MAX
};
#define UTRACE_RESUME_BITS	(ilog2(UTRACE_RESUME_MAX) + 1)
#define UTRACE_RESUME_MASK	((1 << UTRACE_RESUME_BITS) - 1)

/**
 * utrace_resume_action - &enum utrace_resume_action from callback action
 * @action:		&u32 callback @action argument or return value
 *
 * This extracts the &enum utrace_resume_action from @action,
 * which is the @action argument to a &struct utrace_engine_ops
 * callback or the return value from one.
 */
static inline enum utrace_resume_action utrace_resume_action(u32 action)
{
	return action & UTRACE_RESUME_MASK;
}

#endif	/* _STP_UTRACE_H */

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